39 / 48
39
AIQS
News
73
Formació AIQS
Formación AIQS
AIQS Training
such a calm mopping-up operation
under pressure.
DeepBlue,likemanyothercomputers
equipped with artificial intelligence
(AI) programs, is what I call an
intentional system: its behavior is
predictable and explainable if we
attribute to it beliefs and desires—
”cognitive states” and “motivational
states”—and the rationality required
to figure out what it ought to do in
the light of those beliefs and desires.
Are these skeletal versions of human
beliefs and desires sufficient to meet
the mens rea requirement of legal
culpability? Not quite, but, if we
restrict our gaze to the limited world
of the chess board, it is hard to see
what is missing. Since cheating is
literally unthinkable to a computer
like Deep Blue, and since there are
really no other culpable actions
available to an agent restricted to
playing chess, nothing it could do
would be a misdeed deserving of
blame, let alone a crime of which we
might convict it. But we also assign
responsibility to agents in order
to praise or honor the appropriate
agent. Who or what, then, deserves
the credit for beating Kasparov? Deep
Blue is clearly the best candidate.
Yes, we may join in congratulating
Campbell, Hsu and the IBM team
on the success of their handiwork;
but in the same spirit we
might
congratulate
K a s p a r o v ’ s
t e a c h e r s ,
h a n d l e r s ,
and even his
parents. And,
no matter how
assiduously they
may have trained him, drumming
into his head the importance of one
strategic principle or another, they
didn’t beat Deep Blue in the series:
Kasparov did.
Deep Blue is the best candidate for
the role of responsible opponent of
Kasparov,butthisisnotgoodenough,
surely, for full moral responsibility.
If we expanded Deep Blue’s horizons
somewhat, it could move out into
the arenas of injury and benefit that
we human beings operate in. It’s not
hard to imagine a touching scenario
in which a grandmaster deliberately
(but oh so subtly) throws a game to
an opponent, in order to save a life,
A Scene from Fritz Lang’s Film Metropolis (1926) Lang’s robot is the beautiful but diabolical Maria.